TikZ

I am writing a software which is supposed to take a set of triangles, where some of the members of the set are capable of partitioning one another, and performing all possible partitioning. I built Lua functions which are capable of detecting and performing most intersections. Unfortunately, there appears to be a particular case which is causing me some trouble. For example, consider the following diagram where I deliberately used a complicated case to show that my algorithm works in most cases. [Unfortunately, you need to run the GitHub version of the package :-(. This is because I want to fix this bug and write new documentation before making another release.] \documentclass[tikz,border=1cm]{standalone} \usepackage{lua-tikz3dtools} % https://github.com/Pseudonym321/TikZ-Animations/tree/master1/TikZ/lua-tikz3dtools \begin{document} \pgfmathsetmacro{\i}{-pi/4} \begin{tikzpicture} \useasboundingbox[scale=2] (-1,-1) rectangle (1,1); \setobject[ name = {T} ,object = { matrix_multiply( matrix_multiply( euler(pi/2,pi/3,7*pi/6) ,translate(0,0,-5) ) ,matrix_multiply( { {1,0,0,0} ,{0,1,0,0} ,{0,0,1,0} ,{0,0,0,1} } ,matrix_multiply(xscale(1),yscale(1)) ) ) } ] \setobject[ name = {I} ,object = { matrix_inverse(T) } ] \foreach \j in {2,3,1,0}{ \appendsurface[ ustart = {-2} ,ustop = {2} ,usamples = {2} ,vstart = {-2} ,vstop = {2} ,vsamples = {2} ,transformation = {matrix_multiply(euler(\j+\i,2*\j,\j),T)} ,x = {u} ,y = {v} ,z = {\j/10} ,fill options = { preaction = { \ifnum\j=0 fill = red \fi \ifnum\j=2 fill = green \fi \ifnum\j=1 fill = yellow \fi \ifnum\j=3 fill = blue \fi ,fill opacity = 0.6 } ,postaction = { draw = black ,ultra thin ,line join = round ,line cap = round } } ,filter = { abs(matrix_multiply(A,I)[1][3])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(B,I)[1][3])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(C,I)[1][3])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(A,I)[1][2])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(B,I)[1][2])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(C,I)[1][2])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(A,I)[1][1])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(B,I)[1][1])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(C,I)[1][1])<1.01 } ] } \appendsolid[ ustart = {-1} ,ustop = {1} ,usamples = {2} ,vstart = {-1} ,vstop = {1} ,vsamples = {2} ,wstart = {-1} ,wstop = {1} ,wsamples = {2} ,transformation = {T} ,x = {u} ,y = {v} ,z = {w} ,fill options = { preaction = { fill = gray ,fill opacity = 0.5 } ,postaction = { draw = black ,ultra thin ,line join = round ,line cap = round } } ] \displaysegments \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} Gif: This is a picture of four planes intersecting, clipped by a cube. Currently, for the clipping (filtering) to work, projective transformations currently do not work, only affine ones do. This will eventually be fixed, of course. So it works, and all is fine and well - why are we here? Well, in the above diagram, each plane is offset by a small (and in each case different) translation. If this translation weren't there (and even with it there sometimes), we are faced with two triangles, which are capable of partitioning one another, which are not partitioned. I have the sense (possibly wrong) that this case wherre partitioning fails is when two triangles are non-coplanar, and meet at a vertex with the rest of their bodies visually passing through each other. It appears that my functions are not detecting and/or are not partitioning this case. For example, without the translation (it's a small difference, look at the z key), we get the following horrible graphic. \documentclass[tikz,border=1cm]{standalone} \usepackage{lua-tikz3dtools} % https://github.com/Pseudonym321/TikZ-Animations/tree/master1/TikZ/lua-tikz3dtools \begin{document} \pgfmathsetmacro{\i}{-pi/4} \begin{tikzpicture} \useasboundingbox[scale=2] (-1,-1) rectangle (1,1); \setobject[ name = {T} ,object = { matrix_multiply( matrix_multiply( euler(pi/2,pi/3,7*pi/6) ,translate(0,0,-5) ) ,matrix_multiply( { {1,0,0,0} ,{0,1,0,0} ,{0,0,1,0} ,{0,0,0,1} } ,matrix_multiply(xscale(1),yscale(1)) ) ) } ] \setobject[ name = {I} ,object = { matrix_inverse(T) } ] \foreach \j in {2,3,1,0}{ \appendsurface[ ustart = {-2} ,ustop = {2} ,usamples = {2} ,vstart = {-2} ,vstop = {2} ,vsamples = {2} ,transformation = {matrix_multiply(euler(\j+\i,2*\j,\j),T)} ,x = {u} ,y = {v} ,z = {0} ,fill options = { preaction = { \ifnum\j=0 fill = red \fi \ifnum\j=2 fill = green \fi \ifnum\j=1 fill = yellow \fi \ifnum\j=3 fill = blue \fi ,fill opacity = 0.6 } ,postaction = { draw = black ,ultra thin ,line join = round ,line cap = round } } ,filter = { abs(matrix_multiply(A,I)[1][3])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(B,I)[1][3])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(C,I)[1][3])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(A,I)[1][2])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(B,I)[1][2])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(C,I)[1][2])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(A,I)[1][1])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(B,I)[1][1])<1.01 and abs(matrix_multiply(C,I)[1][1])<1.01 } ] } \appendsolid[ ustart = {-1} ,ustop = {1} ,usamples = {2} ,vstart = {-1} ,vstop = {1} ,vsamples = {2} ,wstart = {-1} ,wstop = {1} ,wsamples = {2} ,transformation = {T} ,x = {u} ,y = {v} ,z = {w} ,fill options = { preaction = { fill = gray ,fill opacity = 0.5 } ,postaction = { draw = black ,ultra thin ,line join = round ,line cap = round } } ] \displaysegments \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} It appears that there is a problem for triangles which are capable of partitioning one another, which also coincide at a single vertex. I am having trouble debugging it. These are the main functions of the document which I am suspect of (it's a huge pipeline of interacting functions, all from the Lua file in the package, if you want to just go there): --- returns the partition of the first triangle into three subtriangles, --- if it intersects the second, otherwise produces nil --- @param T1 table<table<number>> the first triangle --- @param T2 table<table<number>> the second triangle --- @return table<table<table<number>>,table<table<number>>,table<table<number>>> table of sub triangles local function triangle_triangle_partition(T1, T2) local I = triangle_triangle_intersections(T1, T2) if I == nil then return nil end if #I == 0 then return nil end if #I == 1 then return nil end if #I ~= 2 then assert(false, ("I is not 2, it is instead: %f"):format(#I)) end local IO = I[1] local IU = vector_subtraction(I[2], IO) local I_basis = {IO[1], IU[1]} local T1A = {T1[1], T1[2]} local T1AU = vector_subtraction({T1A[2]}, {T1A[1]}) local T1A_basis = {T1A[1], T1AU[1]} local T1B = {T1[2], T1[3]} local T1BU = vector_subtraction({T1B[2]}, {T1B[1]}) local T1B_basis = {T1B[1], T1BU[1]} local T1C = {T1[3], T1[1]} local T1CU = vector_subtraction({T1C[2]}, {T1C[1]}) local T1C_basis = {T1C[1], T1CU[1]} local T2A = {T2[1], T2[2]} local T2AU = vector_subtraction({T2A[2]}, {T2A[1]}) local T2A_basis = {T2A[1], T2AU[1]} local T2B = {T2[2], T2[3]} local T2BU = vector_subtraction({T2B[2]}, {T2B[1]}) local T2B_basis = {T2B[1], T2BU[1]} local T2C = {T2[3], T2[1]} local T2CU = vector_subtraction({T2C[2]}, {T2C[1]}) local T2C_basis = {T2C[1], T2CU[1]} local points = {} local non_intersecting = nil local int1 = line_line_intersection(I_basis, T1A_basis) if int1 == nil then int1 = {solution = {}} end if #int1.solution ~= 0 then local t = int1.solution[1] local intersect = vector_addition( IO, scalar_multiplication(t, IU) ) if point_line_segment_intersecting(intersect, T1A) then table.insert(points, intersect) else non_intersecting = "T1A" end else non_intersecting = "T1A" end local int2 = line_line_intersection(I_basis, T1B_basis) if int2 == nil then int2 = {solution = {}} end if #int2.solution ~= 0 then local t = int2.solution[1] local intersect = vector_addition( IO, scalar_multiplication(t, IU) ) if point_line_segment_intersecting(intersect, T1B) then table.insert(points, intersect) else non_intersecting = "T1B" end else non_intersecting = "T1B" end local int3 = line_line_intersection(I_basis, T1C_basis) if int3 == nil then int3 = {solution = {}} end if #int3.solution ~= 0 then local t = int3.solution[1] local intersect = vector_addition( IO, scalar_multiplication(t, IU) ) if point_line_segment_intersecting(intersect, T1C) then table.insert(points, intersect) else non_intersecting = "T1C" end else non_intersecting = "T1C" end -- if #points == 3 then return nil end -- if #points == 1 then return nil end if #points ~= 2 then -- print("Partition failure: got", #points, "points") -- print("Triangle 1:", T1) -- print("Triangle 2:", T2) -- print("Non-intersecting edge:", non_intersecting) -- for i, p in ipairs(points) do -- print("Point", i, p[1][1], p[1][2], p[1][3]) -- end return nil --assert(false, "triangle_triangle_partition doesn't have exactly two points") end local quad = {} local tri1 local A, B = points[1], points[2] table.insert(quad, A[1]) table.insert(quad, B[1]) if non_intersecting == "T1A" then table.insert(quad, T1A[1]) table.insert(quad, T1A[2]) tri1 = {A[1], B[1], T1B[2]} elseif non_intersecting == "T1B" then table.insert(quad, T1B[1]) table.insert(quad, T1B[2]) tri1 = {A[1], B[1], T1C[2]} elseif non_intersecting == "T1C" then table.insert(quad, T1C[1]) table.insert(quad, T1C[2]) tri1 = {A[1], B[1], T1A[2]} end quad = centroid_sort(quad) return { tri1 = tri1, tri2 = {quad[1], quad[2], quad[3]}, tri3 = {quad[3], quad[4], quad[1]} } end --- produces exactly zero, or exactly two intersection points between two triangles --- @param T1 table<table<number>> a triangle defined by its vertices --- @param T2 table<table<number>> another triangle defined by its vertices --- @return table<table<number>> a matrix of exactly zero or exactly two points nothing else local function triangle_triangle_intersections(T1, T2) local edges1 = { {T1[1], T1[2]}, {T1[2], T1[3]}, {T1[3], T1[1]} } local edges2 = { {T2[1], T2[2]}, {T2[2], T2[3]}, {T2[3], T2[1]} } local points = {} --- appends a point to a list if it is unique --- @param P table<table<number>> a point local function add_unique(P) -- if not P then return nil end for _, Q in ipairs(points) do if point_point_intersecting(P, Q) then return nil end end table.insert(points, P) end -- Check all edge pairs for _, E1 in ipairs(edges1) do local intersect = line_segment_triangle_intersection(E1, T2) if intersect ~= nil then add_unique(intersect.intersection) end end for _, E2 in ipairs(edges2) do local intersect = line_segment_triangle_intersection(E2, T1) if intersect ~= nil then add_unique(intersect.intersection) end end if #points ~= 2 then -- print(("two triangles intersected at %f points"):format(#points)) -- print(fmt_matrix(T1)) -- print(fmt_matrix(T2)) return nil --assert(false, ("two triangles intersected at %f points"):format(#points)) end return points end --- determines the intersection coefficients and intersection point of a line segment and triangle, if it exists, or returns nil --- @param L table<table<number>> line segment defined by endpoints --- @param T table<table<number>> triangle defined by vertices --- @return table<table<table<number>>,table<table<number>>>|nil the solution coefficients and literal R3 intersection point local function line_segment_triangle_intersection(L, T) local eps = 0.0000001 local num = 0 for _, P1 in ipairs(L) do for _, P2 in ipairs(T) do if distance({P1}, {P2}) < eps then num = num + 1 end end end if num > 1 then return nil end local LO = {L[1]} local LU = vector_subtraction({L[2]}, LO) local LA = {LO[1], LU[1]} local TO = {T[1]} local TU = vector_subtraction({T[2]}, TO) local TUA = {TO[1], TU[1]} local TV = vector_subtraction({T[3]}, TO) local TVA = {TO[1], TV[1]} local TA = {TO[1], TU[1], TV[1]} local TUVA = { vector_addition(TO, TU)[1] ,vector_subtraction(TV, TU)[1] } local coeffs = line_plane_intersection(LA, TA) if coeffs == nil then return nil end if #coeffs.freevars == 0 then local t = coeffs.solution[1] if 0-eps<=t and t<=1+eps then local I = vector_addition( LO, scalar_multiplication(t, LU) ) if point_in_triangle(I, T) then return { solution = coeffs, intersection = I } end end end return nil end --- obtains the coordinates and free variables of the intersection --- between a line and a plane, each defined by their affine bases. --- @param L table<table<number>> an affine basis of a line --- @param T table<table<number>> an affine basis of a plane --- @return table<table<number>> the solution and free variables local function line_plane_intersection(L, T) local LO = {L[1]} local LU = {L[2]} local TO = {T[1]} local TU = {T[2]} local TV = {T[3]} --- LO + (t) * LU = TO + (s) * TU + (w) * TV -- (t) * LU - (s) * TU - (w) * TV = TO - LO local rhs = vector_subtraction(TO, LO) local augmented_matrix = { {LU[1][1], LU[1][2], LU[1][3]}, {-TU[1][1], -TU[1][2], -TU[1][3]}, {-TV[1][1], -TV[1][2], -TV[1][3]}, {rhs[1][1], rhs[1][2], rhs[1][3]} } local sol = gauss_jordan(augmented_matrix) if not sol then -- print("No solution: line-plane system inconsistent") return nil end if #sol.freevars > 0 then -- print("Line lies in the plane (coplanar case). Free vars:", #sol.freevars) end return sol end --- determines the solution coefficients and solution set of two line segments, or produces nil --- @param L1 table<table<number>> the first line segment --- @param L2 table<table<number>> the second line segment --- @return table<table<table<number>>,table<table<number>>>|nil the solution coefficients and solution set local function line_segment_line_segment_intersection(L1, L2) local num = 0 for _, P1 in ipairs(L1) do for _, P2 in ipairs(L2) do if distance({P1}, {P2}) < eps then num = num + 1 end end end if num ~= 0 then return nil end local L1O = {L1[1]} local L1U = vector_subtraction({L1[2]}, L1O) local L1A = {L1O[1], L1U[1]} local L2O = {L2[1]} local L2U = vector_subtraction({L2[2]}, L2O) local L2A = {L2O[1], L2U[1]} local coeffs = line_line_intersection(L1A, L2A) if coeffs == nil then return nil end if #coeffs.solution == 0 then return nil end local t, s = coeffs.solution[1], coeffs.solution[2] if 0 < t - eps and t < 1 - eps and 0 < s - eps and s < 1 - eps then return { coefficients = coeffs, intersection = vector_addition( L1O, scalar_multiplication(t, L1U) ) } end return nil end --- return coordinates and free variables for line-line intersection --- @param L1 table<table<number>> affine basis of a line --- @param L1 table<table<number>> another 1D affine basis --- @return table<table<number>> the solution and free variables local function line_line_intersection(L1, L2) local L1O = {L1[1]} local L1U = {L1[2]} local L2O = {L2[1]} local L2U = {L2[2]} -- L1O + (t) * L1U = L2O + (s) * L2U -- (t) * L1U - (s) * L2U = L1O - L2O local rhs = vector_subtraction(L2O, L1O) local augmented_matrix = { {L1U[1][1], L1U[1][2], L1U[1][3]}, {-L2U[1][1], -L2U[1][2], -L2U[1][3]}, {rhs[1][1], rhs[1][2], rhs[1][3]} } return gauss_jordan(augmented_matrix) end --- CAUTION: CHATGPT GENERATED -- Correct column-major Gauss-Jordan solver (drop-in replacement) -- M is an array of columns; each column is an array of n rows. -- Last column is RHS. Returns: -- {solution = {..}, freevars = {..}} on success -- nil on inconsistency --- @param M table<table<number>> an augmented matrix --- @return table<table<number>> the solution set and free variables local function gauss_jordan(M) -- basic validation local m = #M -- number of columns (vars + RHS) if m == 0 then return {} end local n = #M[1] -- number of rows (equations) local vars = m - 1 if vars < 1 then return nil end for c = 1, m do if #M[c] ~= n then return nil end end -- Work on a local copy local cols = {} for c = 1, m do cols[c] = {} for r = 1, n do cols[c][r] = M[c][r] end end local rank = 0 local row = 1 local pivot_cols = {} -- track pivot columns -- Gauss–Jordan elimination for col = 1, vars do -- find pivot row in column col, rows row..n local pivot_row = nil local maxval = eps for r = row, n do local v = math.abs(cols[col][r]) if v > maxval then maxval = v pivot_row = r end end if pivot_row then -- swap pivot_row with current row if pivot_row ~= row then for c = 1, m do cols[c][row], cols[c][pivot_row] = cols[c][pivot_row], cols[c][row] end end -- normalize pivot row local pivot = cols[col][row] for c = 1, m do cols[c][row] = cols[c][row] / pivot end -- eliminate column in other rows for r = 1, n do if r ~= row then local factor = cols[col][r] if math.abs(factor) > eps then for c = 1, m do cols[c][r] = cols[c][r] - factor * cols[c][row] end cols[col][r] = 0 end end end pivot_cols[#pivot_cols+1] = col rank = rank + 1 row = row + 1 if row > n then break end end end -- check for inconsistency: [0 0 ... | b] with b≠0 for r = rank+1, n do local all_zero = true for c = 1, vars do if math.abs(cols[c][r]) > eps then all_zero = false break end end if all_zero and math.abs(cols[m][r]) > eps then return nil -- inconsistent end end -- Identify free variables local freevars = {} local pivotset = {} for _,c in ipairs(pivot_cols) do pivotset[c] = true end for c = 1, vars do if not pivotset[c] then freevars[#freevars+1] = c end end -- Extract one particular solution local sol = {} for i = 1, vars do sol[i] = 0 end for k,pcol in ipairs(pivot_cols) do sol[pcol] = cols[m][k] -- solution from reduced form end return {solution = sol, freevars = freevars} end

In using tikz, I often have the following situation: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{positioning} \begin{document} \tikz\draw node (A) {A} node[right=of A] (B) {B} (A) -- (B); \end{document} In other words, I draw a node (B) and immediately connect it to another node (A). even if I don't use the positioning syntax but explicit coordinates, the first produces wrong lines: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{positioning} \begin{document} \tikz[nodes={draw}]\draw (0,0) node (A) {A} -- (1,0) node (B) {B}; \tikz[nodes={draw}]\draw (0,0) node (A) {A} (1,0) node (B) {B} (A) -- (B); \end{document} because the first picture connects the coordinates (0,0) and (1,0), but not the nodes' borders. Is there any convenient way of creating and connecting nodes in one go?

Is there a package-like way to rotate the "component-labels" as like the others in normal alignment? For example: \documentclass[margin=5pt]{standalone} \usepackage{circuitikz} \begin{document} \begin{circuitikz}[european resistors] %\ctikzset{label/align=rotate} % something other... \draw[] (0,0) to[sinusoidal voltage source, l=$u(t)$] (0,3) to[vR=$R$, f>^=$i(t)$] (4,3) to[L=$L$] (4,0) to[ecapacitor=$C$] (0,0); % How to rotate component-label? \draw[blue] (3,0) to[thermistor ntc, *-*] (3,3); \end{circuitikz} \end{document} PS: Then I noticed that 'ϑ' doesn't turn blue when I say \draw[blue]; that's probably not intentional (?). €dit (side problem solved): I would have need to say \draw (3,0) to[thermistor ntc, color=blue, *-*] (3,3); as mentioned from @kabenyuk.

In other words, how can I draw the dashed red bond in the following figure? I know that the following workaround works: \documentclass{standalone} \usepackage{chemfig} \begin{document} \chemfig{ A?[a]-[:30,2,,,color=red]B-[:-90]C(-[:150,2,,,color=white,line width=2pt])-[:150,2,,,line width=1.2pt]D?[a] } \end{document} However, this method requires drawing the bonds layer by layer, and in some situations it becomes difficult—or even impossible—to control the drawing order of the bonds. It also seems that chemfig itself does not provide any mechanism for rendering overlapping bonds. For example, even in the package documentation, cases like the one below show no explicit handling of overlapping bonds:

I don't know how to put the "solution" at the top of the column. Here is my code. Can anyone help me? \begin{tabular}{c|c} \input{picture} & solution \end{tabular} %the picture is tikz code

I'm currently trying to recreate something like this: Using of course the tikz tqft library. So, I first tried to do the "easiest" part, that is the drawing alone of every cobordism used in the relation. So, here's my attempt for that: \documentclass[10pt,border=3mm,tikz]{standalone} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,tqft} \usepackage{tqft} \tikzset{tqft/use nodes=true} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[ tqft, mycobordism/.style={ draw, boundary lower style={draw}, boundary upper style={draw}, circle width=0.4cm, circle depth=0.15cm, } ] \node[ tqft cap, mycobordism, cobordism height=2cm, flow=east, anchor=center ] (a) at (-0.7,0) {}; \node at (0, -0.8) {$\epsilon$}; \node at (0, -1.1) {counit}; \end{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture} \tikzset{ tqft/use nodes=false, } \pic[ tqft, incoming boundary components=0, outgoing boundary components=2, genus=0, every lower boundary component/.style={draw}, every outgoing boundary component/.style={draw}, cobordism edge/.style={draw}, ]; \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} Aaaaand, as you may see, the problems begins. First, it seems that if you use a cobordism that is not the "primary ones" (I mean, pair of pants, cup, etc) then you have to add the command node=false, and then I'm unable to do two things: labelling the cobordism and rotating it so it's not looking down. Well, I can worry about the equalities later, but I'd appreciate if someone has some idea of how to "glue" cobordisms in general, so I can try it on my own and learn how to do it, because these ones are the simplest ones that I need to do. Anyways, thank you!

I am trying to define a command that draw TikZ pictures whose baseline is centered, with an optional argument to modify the y-coordinate of the baseline. I came up with the following code. When the optional parameter is provided, it behaves as expected. However, when no parameter is provided, it doesn't do what I expected: instead, it seems to pick the top as the baseline. If I manually replace the parameters, it behaves as expected. What is it that I am missing? \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \NewDocumentCommand{\tikzpic}{mO{}}{ \begin{tikzpicture}[ baseline=(base), ] #1 \IfNoValueTF{#2} {\coordinate (base) at (current bounding box.center);} {\coordinate (base) at (0,#2);} \end{tikzpicture} } \begin{document} command \tikzpic{ \draw (0,0) rectangle (1,1); } \medbreak expected behaviour \begin{tikzpicture}[ baseline=(base), ] \draw (0,0) rectangle (1,1); \coordinate (base) at (current bounding box.center); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}

For example, the 'orange' we want the effect below: The text moves vertically according to the height(of the waveline path) below. If there are some words on a piece of cloth, imagine what will happen?

Is there a circuitikz-package-like way, to get a transistor like this? This means where the lines of the emitter and collector start at the same point. \documentclass[margin=5mm]{standalone} \usepackage{circuitikz} \begin{document} \begin{circuitikz}[] \draw (0,0) node[npn](T){}; \draw (T.B) node[left]{B} (T.C) node[above]{C} (T.E) node[below]{E}; \end{circuitikz} \end{document}

(In order to ensure that each post should only focus on one key point, I have reformulated my question and provided the modified TikZ code. )For the problem How can I use straight lines to connect elements inside nested TikZ environments?, how to align?

I am currently refining the flowchart in this problem Why does \begin{figure}[H] disrupt line spacing?. The solution in the problem involves using nested TikZ, but I have encountered another issue that I cannot resolve: For example, connecting nodes B and C across two separate TikZ environments, but the generated result is: and I want to get: LaTeX code is as follows (not exactly a minimal working example, but relatively concise): \documentclass{ctexart} \usepackage{ctex} \usepackage{setspace} \setstretch{1.5} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{standalone} \usetikzlibrary{positioning} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,foo/.style={draw,inner sep=5pt},>=stealth] \node[foo,font=\bfseries] (O) {A}; \node[foo,font=\bfseries] (A) [below=of O] {\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,nodes={foo,draw,minimum width=1cm}] \node (X_1) {B}; \end{tikzpicture} }; \node[foo,font=\bfseries] (B) [below=of A] {\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,nodes={foo,draw,minimum width=1cm}] \node (X_2) {C}; \end{tikzpicture} }; \draw[-] (X_1.south) -- (X_2.north); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} Is there any feasible approach to address this concern? Your comments and alternatives are highly appreciated. PS: I have drafted the flowchart according to the method proposed by @Explorer, but certain aspects lack aesthetic refinement, and the connecting lines are not entirely vertically aligned. \documentclass{ctexart} \usepackage{ctex} \usepackage{setspace} \setstretch{1.5} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{positioning,fit,calc} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[ >=stealth, foo/.style 2 args={draw,font=\bfseries,inner sep=5pt,minimum width=#1 cm,minimum height=#2 cm}, foo/.default={1}{0.8}, box/.style={draw,inner sep=8pt,rounded corners=2pt,minimum width=15cm,minimum height=2.5cm}, small/.style={draw,inner sep=3pt,minimum width=1cm,minimum height=0.6cm,font=\small} ] \node[foo] (O) {test}; \node[foo] (A) [left=2cm of O] {test}; \node[foo] (B) [right=2cm of O] {test}; \draw[->] (A) -- (O); \draw[->] (B) -- (O); \node[small] (X_o) [below=2.5cm of O] {test}; \node[small] (X_a) [left=3cm of X_o.center] {test}; \node[small] (X_b) [right=3cm of X_o.center] {test}; \node[small] (X_c) [below=1.2cm of X_o] {test}; \node[small] (X_d) [above=1.2cm of X_a] {test}; \node[small] (X_e) [below=2.4cm of X_a] {test}; \draw[->] (X_d) -- (X_a); \draw[<-] (X_a) -- (X_o); \draw[<-] (X_b) -- (X_o); \draw[<-] (X_c) -- (X_o); \draw[<-] (X_e) -- (X_a); \draw[->] (X_c) -| ([xshift=1.2em]X_a.south); \draw[->] (X_c) -| (X_b.south); \node[box] (X_box) [fit=(X_o)(X_a)(X_b)(X_c)(X_d)(X_e)] {}; \node[font=\bfseries,anchor=north] at (X_box.north) {test}; \draw[<-] (X_box.north) -- (O); \node[small,text width=5em,align=center] (Y_o) [below=4cm of X_o] {test}; \node[small,text width=5em,align=center] (Y_a) [below=1cm of Y_o] {test}; \node[small,text width=5em,align=center] (Y_dfp) [below=1cm of Y_a] {test}; \node[small,text width=1em,align=center] (Y_c) [left=0.3cm of Y_a] {test}; \node[small,text width=1em,align=center] (Y_d) [right=0.3cm of Y_a] {test}; \node[small,text width=3em,align=center] (Y_e) [left=3cm of Y_o.center] {test}; \node[small,text width=3em,align=center] (Y_i) [below=1cm of Y_e] {test}; \node[small,text width=1em,align=center] (Y_j) [below left=0.8cm and -0.5cm of Y_i] {test}; \node[small,text width=1em,align=center] (Y_k) [below right=0.8cm and -0.5cm of Y_i] {test}; \node[small,text width=3em,align=center] (Y_f) [right=3cm of Y_o.center] {test}; \node[small,text width=3em,align=center] (Y_g) [below=1cm of Y_f] {test}; \node[small,text width=3em,align=center] (Y_h) [below=1cm of Y_g] {test}; \draw[-] (Y_o) -- (Y_a); \draw[-] (Y_a) -- (Y_dfp); \draw[-] (Y_c.north) |- (Y_o.west); \draw[-] (Y_c.east) -- (Y_a.west); \draw[-] (Y_d.north) |- (Y_o.east); \draw[-] (Y_d.west) -- (Y_a.east); \draw[-] (Y_dfp.west) -| (Y_c.south); \draw[-] (Y_dfp.east) -| (Y_d.south); \draw[-] (Y_e) -- (Y_i); \draw[-] ([xshift=-0.3em]Y_i.south) -- ++(0,-0.5) -| (Y_j.north); \draw[-] ([xshift=0.3em]Y_i.south) -- ++(0,-0.5) -| (Y_k.north); \draw[-] (Y_f) -- (Y_g); \draw[-] (Y_g) -- (Y_h); \node[box] (Y_box) [fit=(Y_o)(Y_a)(Y_dfp)(Y_c)(Y_d)(Y_e)(Y_i)(Y_j)(Y_k)(Y_f)(Y_g)(Y_h)] {}; \node[anchor=east,text width=1em,font=\linespread{1.}\bfseries] at (Y_box.east) {test}; \draw[<-] (Y_box.north) -- (X_box.south); \node[small,text width=4em,align=center] (Z_o) [below=2.2cm of Y_dfp] {test}; \node[small,text width=4em,align=center] (Z_hedge) [left=3cm of Z_o.center] {test}; \node[small,text width=4em,align=center] (Z_f) [right=3cm of Z_o.center] {test}; \node[box] (Z_box) [fit=(Z_hedge)(Z_o)(Z_f)] {}; \node[font=\linespread{1.}\bfseries,anchor=east,text width=1em,] at (Z_box.east) {test}; \draw[->] (Y_dfp.south) -- (Z_o.north); \draw[<-] (Z_f) -- (Y_h); \draw[<-] ([xshift=-0.3em]Z_hedge.north) -- ++(0,0.5) -| (Y_j.south); \draw[<-] ([xshift=0.3em]Z_hedge.north) -- ++(0,0.5) -| (Y_k.south); \node[small,text width=7em,align=center] (U_o) [below=1.5cm of Z_o] {(\textbf{test})\\test}; \node[small,text width=6em,align=center] (U_g) [left=3cm of U_o.center] {(\textbf{test})\\test}; \node[small,text width=6em,align=center] (U_f) [right=3cm of U_o.center] {(\textbf{test})\\test}; \node[box] (U_box) [fit=(U_g)(U_o)(U_f)] {}; \node[font=\linespread{1.}\bfseries,anchor=east,text width=1em,] at (U_box.east) {test}; \draw[->] (Z_hedge.south) -- (U_g.north); \draw[->] (Z_o.south) -- (U_o.north); \draw[->] (Z_f.south) -- (U_f.north); \node[foo] (Z) [below=1cm of U_o] {\textbf{test}}; \draw[<-] (Z.north) -- (U_box.south); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} why the vertical lines are still skewed when U_o.center and Z_o.center should be aligned (I have let the [left=3cm of U_o.center] and [left=3cm of Z_o.center])? PS: I will update this ... PS: I update in link and the problem is completely: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/755001/307309 and thanks to @Explorer and @MS-SPO.

Can someone please help with coding the surface plot for $\sqrt{(x - 1)^2 + y^2} + \sqrt{(x + 1)^2 + y^2} - 4 = -|z|$ in TikZ for my article in LateX? I have been trying, but can't seem to manage it. This is what I have so far, it only plots one half of the surface on a square but not within the disk: \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis}[ hide axis, colormap/cool, ] \addplot3[ mesh, samples=50, domain=-2:2, ] {deg(sqrt((x - 1)^2 + y^2) + sqrt((x + 1)^2 +y^2) - 4)}; \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture}

cfr provides us with a nice starting MWE to create directory trees: \documentclass[border=10pt,multi,tikz]{standalone} \usepackage[edges]{forest} \definecolor{folderbg}{RGB}{124,166,198} \definecolor{folderborder}{RGB}{110,144,169} \newlength\Size \setlength\Size{4pt} \tikzset{% folder/.pic={% \filldraw [draw=folderborder, top color=folderbg!50, bottom color=folderbg] (-1.05*\Size,0.2\Size+5pt) rectangle ++(.75*\Size,-0.2\Size-5pt); \filldraw [draw=folderborder, top color=folderbg!50, bottom color=folderbg] (-1.15*\Size,-\Size) rectangle (1.15*\Size,\Size); }, file/.pic={% \filldraw [draw=folderborder, top color=folderbg!5, bottom color=folderbg!10] (-\Size,.4*\Size+5pt) coordinate (a) |- (\Size,-1.2*\Size) coordinate (b) -- ++(0,1.6*\Size) coordinate (c) -- ++(-5pt,5pt) coordinate (d) -- cycle (d) |- (c) ; }, } \forestset{% declare autowrapped toks={pic me}{}, declare boolean register={pic root}, pic root=0, pic dir tree/.style={% for tree={% folder, font=\ttfamily, grow'=0, }, before typesetting nodes={% for tree={% edge label+/.option={pic me}, }, if pic root={ tikz+={ \pic at ([xshift=\Size].west) {folder}; }, align={l} }{}, }, }, pic me set/.code n args=2{% \forestset{% #1/.style={% inner xsep=2\Size, pic me={pic {#2}}, } } }, pic me set={directory}{folder}, pic me set={file}{file}, } \begin{document} \begin{forest} pic dir tree, pic root, for tree={% folder icons by default; override using file for file icons directory, }, [system [config ] [lib [Access ] [Plugin ] [file.txt, file ] ] ] \end{forest} \end{document} But how do I add vdots at the top of the directory tree --- more precisely, right below [system] --- and at the bottom of the directory tree? Here are the respective illustrations of the results I wish to achieve: I tried looking at edge path, the names of the forest nodes, and forest anchors in forest's documentation, but I couldn't get anywhere close to the results I want. Edit (Ref: cfr’s first comment I want something like this: I tried \begin{forest} pic dir tree, pic root, for tree={% folder icons by default; override using file for file icons directory, }, [system,extensible edge [config ] [lib, extend [file.txt, file, extend ] [file, file] ] ] \end{forest} with cfr’s MWE but it gave (Ref: cfr’s second comment When we use for tree={edge=rounded corners}, as in the following MWE, we have extraneous white space, which the removal of |- !u.child anchor seems to solve: \documentclass[border=10pt,multi,tikz]{standalone} % ateb: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/754955/ \usepackage[edges]{forest} \definecolor{folderbg}{RGB}{124,166,198} \definecolor{folderborder}{RGB}{110,144,169} \newlength\Size \setlength\Size{4pt} \tikzset{% folder/.pic={% \filldraw [draw=folderborder, top color=folderbg!50, bottom color=folderbg, sharp corners] (-1.05*\Size,0.2\Size+5pt) rectangle ++(.75*\Size,-0.2\Size-5pt); \filldraw [draw=folderborder, top color=folderbg!50, bottom color=folderbg, sharp corners] (-1.15*\Size,-\Size) rectangle (1.15*\Size,\Size); }, file/.pic={% \filldraw [draw=folderborder, top color=folderbg!5, bottom color=folderbg!10, sharp corners] (-\Size,.4*\Size+5pt) coordinate (a) |- (\Size,-1.2*\Size) coordinate (b) -- ++(0,1.6*\Size) coordinate (c) -- ++(-5pt,5pt) coordinate (d) -- cycle (d) |- (c) ; }, } \forestset{% declare autowrapped toks={pic me}{}, declare boolean register={pic root}, pic root=0, pic dir tree/.style={% for tree={% folder, font=\ttfamily, grow'=0, }, before typesetting nodes={% for tree={% edge label+/.option={pic me}, edge=rounded corners, }, if pic root={ tikz+={ \pic at ([xshift=\Size].west) {folder}; }, align={l} }{}, }, }, pic me set/.code n args=2{% \forestset{% #1/.style={% inner xsep=2\Size, pic me={pic {#2}}, } } }, pic me set={directory}{folder}, pic me set={file}{file}, declare toks={real siblings}{}, extensible edge/.style={% delay={% prepend={[\strut, delay={% do dynamics, temptoksa=, for following siblings={% if temptoksa={}{}{% temptoksa+={,}, }, temptoksa+/.option=name, }, real siblings/.register=temptoksa, folder, grow'=0, before computing xy={% l'=0pt, s'=-15pt, }, delay n=2{% split option={real siblings}{,}{append}, }, }, edge path'={% (!u.parent anchor) ++(\foresteregister{folder indent},0pt) -- ++(0pt,-5pt) edge [dotted] ([xshift=\foresteregister{folder indent}].parent anchor) }, ]}, }, }, extend/.style={% delay={% append={[\strut, folder, grow'=0, before computing xy={% l'=0pt, s'=-15pt, }, if n children=0{% before drawing tree={% delay={% y/.min={>O{y}}{parent,descendants}, }, }, }{}, edge path'={% (!uu.parent anchor |- !u.child anchor) ++(\foresteregister{folder indent},0pt) coordinate (a) -- ([yshift=15pt].parent anchor -| a) edge [dotted] (.parent anchor -| a) }, ]}, }, }, } \begin{document} \begin{forest} pic dir tree, pic root, for tree={% folder icons by default; override using file for file icons directory, }, [system [config ] [lib [Access ] [Plugin ] [file.txt, file ] ] ] \end{forest} \begin{forest} pic dir tree, pic root, for tree={% folder icons by default; override using file for file icons directory, }, [system, extensible edge, [config ] [lib [Access ] [Plugin ] [file.txt, file ] ] ] \end{forest} \begin{forest} pic dir tree, pic root, for tree={% folder icons by default; override using file for file icons directory, }, [system [config ] [lib, extend [Access ] [Plugin ] [file.txt, file,extend ] ] ] \end{forest} \begin{forest} pic dir tree, pic root, for tree={% folder icons by default; override using file for file icons directory, }, [system,extensible edge [config ] [lib, extend [Access ] [Plugin ] [file.txt, file, extend ] ] ] \end{forest} \end{document}

I have a tikz picture that I apply scale=0.9 to that \draws a rectangle, like this: \documentclass{standalone} \usepackage{tikz} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9] \draw[draw=red, fill=red, fill opacity=0.3, thick] (0.24999999999999997, 5.8) -| (0.44999999999999996, 6.2) -| cycle; \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} This results in one corner not having the correct line join: If I would remove the scale argument, the line joint would be correct, but the whole picture no longer fits on my page. I also would like to avoid having to manually multiply all coordinates with 0.9. As a workaround, I could draw a second rectangle over it, with the "missing" corner in a different location. Is there a better solution?

I'm using TikZ externalization in my main LaTeX document, but when I include a PDF that was generated with different geometry and layout settings, it corrupts all subsequent TikZ externalizations. Project Structure: . ├── figures/ # Externalized tikz outputs ├── tikzfigure/ │ ├── figures -> ../figures # symbolic link │ ├── otd.pdf # to be included PDF │ └── otd.tex └── Poster_Presentation_outline.tex # Main document Main Document (Poster_Presentation_outline.tex): \documentclass[9pt]{extarticle} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,external} \tikzexternalize[prefix=figures/] \usepackage{pdfpages} \begin{document} \pagestyle{plain} \tikzexternaldisable \newpage \includepdf[pages=-,landscape,fitpaper=true]{tikzfigure/otd.pdf} \newpage \tikzexternalenable \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.2] \draw[thick] (0,0) circle (2); \draw[thick] (-1.2,-1.2) rectangle (1.2,1.2); \coordinate (O) at (0,0); \coordinate (A) at (1.2,1.2); \coordinate (B) at (0,1.2); \coordinate (C) at (0,2); \coordinate (D) at (1.414,1.414); \draw[{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}-{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}, gray] (O) -- (-2,0) node[midway, below] {$R_I$}; \draw[{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}-{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}, gray] (1.3,0) -- (1.3,1.2) node[midway, right] {$\frac{L}{2}$}; \draw[{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}-{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}, gray] (0,0) -- (1.2,0) node[midway, below] {$\frac{L}{2}$}; \draw[{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}-{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}, gray] (-1.2,-1.4) -- (1.2,-1.4) node[midway, below] {$L$}; \draw[{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}-{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}, red!50!black] (A) -- (D) node[midway, above right=0.1] {$\phi_{\text{min}}$}; \draw[{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}-{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}, blue!50!black] (B) -- (C) node[midway, right] {$\phi_{\text{max}}$}; \draw[-{Stealth[length=1.5mm]}, dashed, gray] (O) -- (A) node[midway, above left=-0.2] {$\frac{L\sqrt{2}}{2}$}; \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} PDF Source (otd.tex): \documentclass{article} \usepackage{pdflscape} \usepackage{afterpage} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage[landscape]{geometry} \geometry{papersize={297mm,330mm}, margin=20mm} \usetikzlibrary{external} \tikzexternalize[prefix=figures/] \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} \fancypagestyle{plain}{ \fancyhf{} \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} \fancyhead[L]{\textit{S. name1, F. name2, A. name3 et al.}} \fancyhead[R]{\textit{EG5416C - Exploring Engineering Project Management}} \fancyfoot[C]{\footnotesize6} } \setlength{\headsep}{0.2in} \setcounter{section}{2} \setcounter{subsection}{3} \begin{document} \pagestyle{plain} \centering \vspace*{2em} \subsection{OTD} \vspace*{\fill} \begin{tikzpicture}[ scale=0.7,every node/.append style={transform shape},myarrow/.style={-{Stealth[length=1.5mm,width=2mm]}}, mynode/.style={draw,fill=green!20!white,rectangle,inner xsep=5pt,inner ysep=20pt,text width=3cm,align=center,rounded corners=2mm,scale=0.8}, mynode2/.style={draw=white,fill=green!10!white,rectangle,inner xsep=5pt,inner ysep=20pt,text width=5cm,align=center,rounded corners=2mm,scale=0.8}] \def\opa{0} \def\posA{3} \def\posB{12} \def\firstx{-abs(\posA)} \def\firsty{abs(\posB)} \pgfmathsetmacro{\r}{sqrt(abs(\posA)^2 + abs(\posB)^2)} \pgfmathsetmacro{\angleLeft}{atan2(-\posA,-\posB)} \pgfmathsetmacro{\angleRight}{atan2(-\posA,\posB)} \pgfmathsetmacro{\span}{\angleRight - \angleLeft} \pgfmathsetmacro{\step}{\span/3} \pgfmathsetmacro{\angleOne}{\angleLeft + \step} \pgfmathsetmacro{\angleTwo}{\angleLeft + 2*\step} \pgfmathsetmacro{\xOne}{\r*cos(\angleOne)-0.1} \pgfmathsetmacro{\yOne}{\r*sin(\angleOne)+0.1} \pgfmathsetmacro{\xTwo}{\r*cos(\angleTwo)+0.1} \pgfmathsetmacro{\yTwo}{\r*sin(\angleTwo)+0.1} \def\cr{5} \def\opa{0.2} \node[mynode, rounded corners=0mm, inner sep=1cm, text width=5cm,fill=green!30!white] (main) at (0,0) {\LARGE Main Objective}; \node[mynode] (structural) at (-\posB,-\posA) {Structural Integrity}; \node[mynode] (efficiency) at (\xOne,\yOne) {Achieve operational efficiency}; \node[mynode] (safety) at (\xTwo,\yTwo) {Maintain safety compliance}; \node[mynode] (sustainability) at (\posB,-\posA) {Meet sustainability standards}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (LBC) at ($(-\posB,-\posA) + (150:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Load-Bearing Capacity:} Support combined 5 t load (lid + internals) during lifting and assembly.}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (LSI) at ($(-\posB,-\posA) + (188:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Lifting \& Support Interfaces:} Include lifting eyes, collars, or guided mounts for safe vessel handling.}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (AS) at ($(-\posB,-\posA) + (230:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Anchoring \& Stability:} Maintain rigidity and resist tipping or lateral loads during operation.}; \draw[myarrow] (structural) .. controls (-\posB-0.5,-\posA+2) and ($(-\posB+3,-\posA) + (150:\cr cm)$) .. (LBC); \draw[myarrow] (structural) -- (LSI); \draw[myarrow] (structural) .. controls (-\posB,-\posA-1.5) and ($(-\posB+2.85,-\posA+1.2) + (230:\cr cm)$) .. (AS); \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (MR) at ($(\posB,-\posA) + (180-150:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Material Recyclability:} Select frame materials that can be recycled at the end of the lifecycle.}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (EEF) at ($(\posB,-\posA) + (180-188:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Energy-Efficient Fabrication:} Choose manufacturing methods that minimize energy consumption and waste.}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (WM) at ($(\posB,-\posA) + (180-230:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Waste Minimization:} Reduce offcuts and scrap during production; design for easy disassembly and reuse.}; \draw[myarrow] (sustainability) .. controls (\posB+0.5,-\posA+2) and ($(\posB-3,-\posA) + (180-150:\cr cm)$) .. (MR); \draw[myarrow] (sustainability) -- (EEF); \draw[myarrow] (sustainability) .. controls (\posB,-\posA-1.5) and ($(\posB-2.85,-\posA+1.2) + (180-230:\cr cm)$) .. (WM); \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (AWO) at ($(\xOne,\yOne) + (190:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Assembly Workflow Optimization:} Develop a clear, efficient method for assembling and disassembling the frame with minimal downtime.}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (OMA) at ($(\xOne,\yOne) + (235:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{On-Site Maintenance Access:} Provide clearance and lifting features for module removal and replacement without external workshops.}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (OR) at ($(\xOne,\yOne) + (300:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Operational Reliability:} Maintain alignment and structural stability during repeated maintenance cycles.}; \draw[myarrow] (efficiency) .. controls (\xOne-1.5,\yOne-0.5) and ($(\xOne+3,\yOne+0.1) + (190:\cr cm)$) .. (AWO); \draw[myarrow] (efficiency) .. controls (\xOne-0.5,\yOne-1.5) and ($(\xOne+2,\yOne+2) + (235:\cr cm)$) .. (OMA); \draw[myarrow] (efficiency) .. controls (\xOne+0.5,\yOne-1.5) and ($(\xOne-1.6,\yOne+2.2) + (300:\cr cm)$) .. (OR); \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (LS) at ($(\xTwo,\yTwo) + (180-300:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Lifting Stability:} Ensure the frame and lifting features maintain structural stability during lid and internal component handling.}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (LPI) at ($(\xTwo,\yTwo) + (180-235:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Load Path Integrity:} Verify safe load transfer through the frame under both static and dynamic lifting conditions.}; \node[mynode2, anchor=center] (OSC) at ($(\xTwo,\yTwo) + (180-190:\cr cm)$) {\textbf{Operator Safety Clearances:} Maintain adequate access and spacing to prevent collision or pinch hazards during assembly and maintenance.}; \draw[myarrow] (safety) .. controls (\xTwo+1.5,\yTwo-0.5) and ($(\xTwo-3,\yTwo+0.1) + (180-190:\cr cm)$) .. (OSC); \draw[myarrow] (safety) .. controls (\xTwo+0.5,\yTwo-1.5) and ($(\xTwo-2,\yTwo+2) + (180-235:\cr cm)$) .. (LPI); \draw[myarrow] (safety) .. controls (\xTwo-0.5,\yTwo-1.5) and ($(\xTwo+1.6,\yTwo+2.2) + (180-300:\cr cm)$) .. (LS); \draw[myarrow] (main) .. controls (0,-7) and (-\posB+2,-\posA) .. (structural); \draw[myarrow] (main) .. controls (0,-7) and (\xOne,\yOne+2) .. (efficiency); \draw[myarrow] (main) .. controls (0,-7) and (-\xOne,\yOne+2) .. (safety); \draw[myarrow] (main) .. controls (0,-7) and (\posB-2,-\posA) .. (sustainability); \end{tikzpicture} \vspace*{\fill} \end{document} \includepdf doesnt isolate the PDF’s geometry i presume, so TikZ externalization is “inherits” them, corrupting figure output. here is the otd.pdf that is included and this is what it does to other tikz Am willing to give code for these if needed i provided one in the current main tex I Tried wrapping \includepdf with \tikzexternaldisable / \tikzexternalenable and using landscape, fitpaper=true options in \includepdf, ive been playing arround alot but cant seem to understand why the artifact form and how to fix them. None of my approaches prevent TikZ externalization from being affected. How can I safely include this PDF otd.pdf without its contents leaking into the TikZ externalization process?

Suppose I have the following forest: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{forest} \begin{document} \begin{forest} for tree={ grow=east, parent anchor=east, child anchor=west, align=center, inner sep=2pt, l=1em, l sep+=0em, s sep=5pt, anchor=base west, outer sep=0pt, edge path={ \noexpand\path [draw, \forestoption{edge}] (!u.parent anchor) -- +(5pt,0) |- (.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label}; }, for root={ parent anchor=east, text width=3cm, }, } [{My Cool Taxonomy},child anchor=north, parent anchor=east, anchor=center [ First Child, [Charlie [Test9, draw=black, no edge], [Test8, draw=black, no edge], [Test7, draw=black, no edge], [Test6, draw=black, no edge], ] [Bravo, [Test5, draw=black, no edge], [Test4, draw=black, no edge], [Test3, draw=black, no edge], ], [Alpha,, [Test2, draw=black, no edge], [Test1, draw=black, no edge], ] ] ] \end{forest} \end{document} which produces the following output: How can I draw the third-level nodes (Test1, ..., Test9) next to each other without an edge while considering their respective level? These nodes should grow from east to west. My desired output would be:

I want to make a 3-D figure with a spatial diagram line and draw its projections onto the three axes planes. For better visibility, I want to mark the projections' positions with shaded planes. The MWE and the result are shown below. It looks like that \closedcycle wants to close anyhow in the plane containing the z-axis. Is there any option to draw a plane perpendicular to the z-axis (i.e., to the other two planes)? (I also tried \addplot3 [surf, fill] and fill between, but to no avail.) \documentclass{standalone} \usepackage{pgfplots} \pgfplotsset{compat=1.18} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis} %XZ plane \addplot3 [fill=red!20,opacity=30,draw=none,fill opacity=0.5,] coordinates {(0,120,3900)(3,120,3900)} \closedcycle; %YZ plane \addplot3 [fill=green!20,opacity=30,draw=none,fill opacity=0.5,] coordinates {(3,-40,3900)(3,120,3900)} \closedcycle; %XY plane \addplot3 [fill=blue!20,opacity=30,draw=none,fill opacity=0.5,] coordinates {(0,-40,3900)(3,120,3900)} \closedcycle; \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} As a reply to @Jasper, I attach the figure here I need one more plane, for the blue diagram line. The thick spatial curve is projected to the axial planes. Thanks to all for your helpfulness and the useful hints.

This is my first post so the graph may not appear and/or the format may look weird. Apologies if that is so. The graph is produced when the line \addplot[red, thick] {myexp(x,4)}; is commented out When included, numerous errors result, seemingly spurious because it is not being parsed as expected, for example "! Illegal unit of measure (pt inserted)." Unfortunately, I cannot see my mistake. I have tried everything I can think of, including spaces before and/or after pretty much every reference and even trying to use "declare function" (but I couldn't make that work the with complex, iterative logic). I am puzzled by the fact that a simple, two argument function (myfunc) can be called successfully, one with more complex logic (expterm) can be called successfully, but a complex one, with a loop and calls (myexp) fails. Any help/suggestions gratefully received. I am hoping to fix this with \tikzmath rather than use the equivalent pgfplots function definitions etc The code is as follows \documentclass{article} \usepackage{pgfplots} \usetikzlibrary{math} \pgfplotsset{compat=newest} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} % Define the function using tikzmath - scope is within the tikzpicture % note that the \tikzmath block is sensitive to blank lines % so don't leave any lines blank % inclde non math lines like drawing commands within double curly braces {{ }} \tikzmath{ function myfunc(\x,\a) { return sin(\x r) + \a*\x; }; function expterm(\x,\n) { if \n == 0 then { return 1; } else { if \n == 1 then { return \x; } else { return \x ^ \n / factorial(\n); }; }; }; function myexp(\x,\n) { \s=0; for \i in {0,1,...,\n-1}{ \s=\s+expterm(\x,\i); }; return \s; }; } \begin{axis}[ domain=-2*pi:2*pi, xmin=-2*pi, xmax=2*pi, ymin=-3, ymax=3, restrict y to domain=-3:3, samples=100, axis lines=middle, xtick={ -2*pi, -3*pi/2, -pi, -pi/2, pi/2, pi, 3*pi/2, 2*pi }, xticklabels={ $-2\pi$, $-\frac{3\pi}{2}$, $-\pi$, $-\frac{\pi}{2}$, $\frac{\pi}{2}$, $\pi$, $\frac{3\pi}{2}$, $2\pi$ }, width=14cm, height=14cm, xlabel=$x$, ylabel={$y = f(x)$}, title={Function defined in \texttt{\textbackslash tikzmath}} ] % Use the tikzmath function in an addplot \addplot[blue, thick] {myfunc(x,0.3)}; \addplot[green, thick] {expterm(x,3)}; % \addplot[red, thick] {myexp(x,4)}; \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}

I have a beamer document in which I placed text (first input on that slide) without using any special command or environment. Now on the next slide. I was expecting that tikz places \node at (0,0) { ... } exactly where beamer placed that first input on the previous slide. Actually there is a slight gap. So here I'd like to know if there's a way to make tikz place text exactly at the same place as the natural input of beamer. I also want to know if there is a way to get the coordinates of the last node placed by tikz. \documentclass[aspectratio=169,t]{beamer} \mode<presentation> \usetheme{moloch} \usepackage{tabularray,blindtext,tikz} \usetikzlibrary {fadings,patterns} \UseTblrLibrary{tikz,booktabs} \SetTblrInner{rowsep={2pt}} \newcommand{\titles}[1]{{\bfseries #1\vspace{.5em}}} \tikzfading[name=fade top,bottom color=transparent!100, top color=transparent!0] \begin{document} \begin{frame}{première} \end{frame} \begin{frame}{pgf input}% \begin{tikzpicture}% \node at (0,0) [font=\bfseries] {titre}; \end{tikzpicture}% % \titles{\centering titre}% \end{frame} \begin{frame}{basic input}% \titles{\centering titre}% \end{frame} \end{document} EDIT: based on the answer of the user who answered to my post I have written this code but the text input using the tikzmark set on the second slide of the document, is not at the right position. So, if anyone could debug it... EDIT 2: It seems i needed to define the anchor. I passed \tikzmark{...} in the <2-> slide and use it just after the permanent "title" on that slide to show that it is falling at the same position. And I use it again after the table, and this time too it falls exactly on the previous \node at (pic cs:.... I still need to resolve the problem with the space that appears between the title "titre" and the table. \documentclass[aspectratio=169,t]{beamer} \usetheme{moloch} \usepackage{tikz,tabularray} \newcommand{\titles}[1]{{\bfseries #1\vspace{.5em}}} \usetikzlibrary{tikzmark} \NewDocumentCommand{\titremaker}{m}{% \begin{tikzpicture} \node at (0,0) [font=\bfseries,inner sep=0pt] {#1}; \end{tikzpicture}\vskip.5em} \NewDocumentCommand{\titreoverlay}{O{purple} m m}{% \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay,inner sep=0pt] \node at (pic cs:#3) [anchor=south west,font=\bfseries,#1] {#2}; \end{tikzpicture}\vskip.5em} \begin{document} \begin{frame}{super prems} this frame only to avoid the slight positional shift of okular on the first page of pdf documents \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{pgf input}% \only<2->{\tikzmark{titrepos}}% \titremaker{titre}% \only<2->{% \titreoverlay[blue]{titre}{titrepos}} \only<3->{% \vspace{-1cm}}% {% \only<2>{\SetTblrInner{cell{1}{1}={fg=brown}}} \only<3>{\SetTblrInner{cell{1}{2}={fg=brown}}} \begin{tblr}{colspec={lll},cells={yellow!20}} un & deux & trois\\ quatre & cinq & six\\ \end{tblr}} \only<4->{% \titreoverlay{titre}{titrepos}} \end{frame} \end{document}

This post raised from my previous answer, and pascal974's comment: Consider the following two codes: \documentclass[tikz,border=5pt]{standalone} \usetikzlibrary{positioning} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \foreach[remember=\n as \lastn] \n in {0,...,5}{ \node (\n) [right = of \lastn] {\n}; } \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} It would complain that as expected: ! Package pgf Error: No shape named `0' is known. See the pgf package documentation for explanation. Type H <return> for immediate help. ... l.10 } ? However, if I add \tikz \node (0) {}; in another tikzpicture, the definition of node's namespace looks like "penetrated" the tikzpicture, which affect the next node named 0 as below: \documentclass[tikz,border=5pt]{standalone} \usetikzlibrary{positioning} \begin{document} \tikz \node (0) {}; \begin{tikzpicture} \foreach[remember=\n as \lastn] \n in {0,...,5}{ \node (\n) [right = of \lastn] {\n}; } \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} My question is: Why the namespace of \node is shared across different tikzpictures? It looks like some information leak happened here? I believe that this case is different with cfr's this excellent solution.

I’m new to TikZiT and was wondering — is there any default or example style template available with basic elements like arrows, circles, and similar shapes? Also, where can I find or download ready-made style packages for technical schematic drawings (for example, engineering or process diagrams)? Like this drawings for a electric engine

I'm trying to add space between x axis labels 10 Flows, 20 Flows, and 30 Flows and also properly draw a line after for every 1 to 8 IDs. Could someone help me with this problem? Code: % restructured data file: % - 'n' values are sorted ascending % - added column 'z' to know which data belong to which measurement % - added a dummy line at the end of each data set to produce an empty entry % for the separation of the blocks % - put all data in one file \begin{filecontents}{data.txt} z n pFA pFB 10 1 6 1 10 2 7 1 10 3 8 4 10 4 9 7 10 5 10 9 10 6 0 0 10 7 9 4 10 8 12 6 20 1 6 1 20 2 7 1 20 3 8 4 20 4 9 7 20 5 10 9 20 6 0 0 20 7 9 4 20 8 12 6 30 1 6 1 30 2 7 1 30 3 8 4 30 4 9 7 30 5 10 9 30 6 0 0 30 7 9 4 30 8 12 6 \end{filecontents} \documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone} \usepackage{pgfplots} \usetikzlibrary{patterns} \pgfplotsset{compat=1.3} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis}[ footnotesize, % set the `width' of the plot to the maximum length ... width=\textwidth, % ... and use half this length for the `height' height=0.5\textwidth, ymin=0, ymax=100, %yticklabel=\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\,$\%$, % use `data' for the positioning of the `xticks' ... xtick=data, % ... and use table data for labeling the `xticks' xticklabels from table={data.txt}{n}, % add extra ticks "at the empty entries to add the vertical lines extra x ticks={8,16}, % this ticks shouldn't be labeled ... extra x tick labels={}, % ... but grid lines should be drawn without the tick lines extra x tick style={ grid=major, major tick length=0pt, }, xlabel={X Axis Label}, ylabel={Y Axis Label}, % because of the category labels, shift the `xlabel' a bit down xlabel style={ yshift=-4ex, }, legend pos=north west, legend entries={ {\color{black}{Algorithm A}}, {\color{red}{Algorithm B}}, }, area legend, % adjust `bar width' so it fits your needs ... bar width=10pt, % ... and with that you also have to adjust the x limits enlarge x limits=0.05, % set `clip mode' to `individual' so the category labels aren't clipped away clip mode=individual, ] % plot the "red" ybars \addplot [ ybar, draw=black, pattern color=black, pattern=dots, ] table [ % use just the `coordindex' as x coordinate, % the correct labeling is done with `xticklabels from table' x expr=\coordindex, y=pFA, ] {data.txt}; % plot the "blue" ybars \addplot [ ybar, draw=red, pattern color=red, pattern=north east lines, ] table [ x expr=\coordindex, y=pFB, ] {data.txt}; % add the category labels \begin{scope}[ % because the reference point will be the lower axis line the % labels have to be moved a bit more down to don't overlap with % the `xticklabels' every label/.append style={ label distance=2ex, }, ] \node [label=below:10 Flows] at (axis cs:4,\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/ymin}) {}; \node [label=below:20 Flows] at (axis cs:12,\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/ymin}) {}; \node [label=below:30 Flows] at (axis cs:20,\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/ymin}) {}; % \node [label=below:40 Flows] % at (axis cs:20,\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/ymin}) {}; %\node [label=below:50 Flows] % at (axis cs:26,\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/ymin}) {}; \end{scope} \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} Output:

I want to draw the Steinmetz solid, the volume enclosed by two cilinder of same radius intersecting orthogonaly. I have so far been able to draw the circles in 3D and the lines till their intersecting point. \documentclass{standalone} \usepackage{tikz,tikz-3dplot} \begin{document} \def\rotx{60} \def\rotz{110} \def\eps{0.5} \tdplotsetmaincoords{\rotx}{\rotz} \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords][scale=0.75] \tikzstyle{every node}=[font=\small] % The axis: \draw[dashed,-latex] (-5,0,0) -- (6,0,0) node[anchor=north east]{$x$}; \draw[dashed,-latex] (0,-5,0) -- (0,6,0) node[anchor=north west]{$y$}; \draw[dashed,-latex] (0,0,-5) -- (0,0,6) node[anchor=south]{$z$}; \draw [very thick,blue](0,-3-\eps,0) [y={(0,0,1)}] circle (3); \draw [very thick,blue](0,3+\eps,0) [y={(0,0,1)}] circle (3); \draw [very thick,red](-3-\eps,0,0) [x={(0,0,1)}] circle (3); \draw [very thick,red](3+\eps,0,0) [x={(0,0,1)}] circle (3); \foreach \angle in {0,10,...,360} { %calculate the sine and cosine of the angle \tdplotsinandcos{\sintheta}{\costheta}{\angle}% % draw the lines \draw[thin, blue] (3*\costheta,-3-\eps, 3*\sintheta) -- (3*\costheta,{-3*abs(\costheta)},3*\sintheta) (3*\costheta,{3*abs(\costheta)},3*\sintheta) -- (3*\costheta,3+\eps, 3*\sintheta); \draw[thin, red] (-3-\eps, 3*\costheta,3*\sintheta) -- ({-3*abs(\costheta)},3*\costheta,3*\sintheta) ({3*abs(\costheta)},3*\costheta,3*\sintheta) -- (3+\eps, 3*\costheta,3*\sintheta); } \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} that renders as: but I am taking a black eye at drawing the intersecting elipses and hiding the lines that are not supposed to be visible. Are there automated ways to do this in TikZ and even to do a better picture of the solid, possibly using the shaded surface? Added Sep 14, 2024: After realizing that it would be harder to get a good looking picture from TikZ and a prompts from @Jasper and from @PauloNey, I went to dig a bit deeper on Asymptote. It became imediate clear that the syntax for 3D was easier and the results a lot better. With the code \documentclass{standalone} \usepackage[inline]{asymptote} \begin{document} \thispagestyle{empty} \begin{asy} import graph3; import solids; pen myBlue = cmyk(1.00, 0.15, 0, 0); pen myRed = cmyk(0, 1.00, 1.00, 0); size(0,150); currentprojection=orthographic(1,1/1.7,1/1.6); // usage revolution r = cylinder(start,radius,length,ax); revolution r=cylinder(O,1,2.8,X); draw(surface(r),myBlue,render(merge=true)); revolution r=cylinder((1.4,-1.4,0),1,2.8,Y); draw(surface(r),myRed,render(merge=true)); \end{asy} \end{document} one can get: but it is clear that ligthing is happening in one cylinder as if the other were not there, that is, on each independent of the other.

This code \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz-cd} % \usetikzlibrary{quantikz2} \begin{document} \begin{tikzcd}[ampersand replacement=\&] A \arrow[rrrr, ""] \& \& \& \& B \arrow[rd, ""] \\ \& \& \& \& \& C \\ D \arrow[rrrr, ""] \& \& \& \& E \arrow[ru] \end{tikzcd} \end{document} produces this: This code \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz-cd} \usetikzlibrary{quantikz2} \begin{document} \begin{tikzcd}[ampersand replacement=\&] A \arrow[rrrr, ""] \& \& \& \& B \arrow[rd, ""] \\ \& \& \& \& \& C \\ D \arrow[rrrr, ""] \& \& \& \& E \arrow[ru] \end{tikzcd} \end{document} produces this: How do I get the first result if I need to use quantikz in my document? Loading quantikz locally for each diagram seems painful.

I can't seem to figure out why my forest externalization fails. It always works properly on the first compile, and if I clear any temporary files from my directory, but otherwise making any change to the tree and trying to recompile fails entirely with the following error: ./Untitled.tex:15: Package tikz Error: Sorry, the system call 'pdflatex -shell-escape -halt-on-error -interaction=batchmode -jobname "Untitled-forest-3" "\def\tikzexternalrealjob{Untitled}\input{Untitled}"' did NOT result in a usable output file 'Untitled-forest-3' (expected one of .pdf:.jpg:.jpeg:.png:). Please verify that you have enabled system calls. For pdflatex, this is 'pdflatex -shell-escape'. Sometimes it is also named 'write 18' or something like that. Or maybe the command simply failed? Error messages can be found in 'Untitled-forest-3.log'. If you continue now, I'll try to typeset the picture. Here is a MWE: \documentclass{article} \usepackage[linguistics, external]{forest} \usetikzlibrary{external} \tikzexternalize \begin{document} Forest: \begin{forest} [VP [V] [NP] ] \end{forest} \end{document} And I'll include the full log, in case there's something I'm missing: This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.24 (TeX Live 2022) (preloaded format=pdflatex) \write18 enabled. entering extended mode (./Untitled.tex LaTeX2e <2022-11-01> patch level 1 L3 programming layer <2023-02-07> (/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2022/07/02 v1.4n Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo)) (/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/forest/forest.sty (/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz.sty (/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/pgf/basiclayer/pgf.sty (/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/pgf/utilities/pgfrcs.sty 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For pdflatex, this is 'pdflatex -shell-escape'. Sometimes it is also named 'write 18' or something like that. Or maybe the command simply failed? Error messages can be found in 'Untitled-forest-3.log'. If you continue now, I'll try to typeset the picture. See the tikz package documentation for explanation. Type H <return> for immediate help. ... l.15 \end{document} ) (see the transcript file for additional information)</usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb> Output written on /Users/vincentmariani/Desktop/.texpadtmp/Untitled.pdf (1 page, 12327 bytes). SyncTeX written on /Users/vincentmariani/Desktop/.texpadtmp/Untitled.synctex.gz. Transcript written on /Users/vincentmariani/Desktop/.texpadtmp/Untitled.log.

With circuitikz package I can create circuits like the RLC circuit on the left in the figure above. Is there a similar library for mechanical oscillations systems as the mass-spring-dashpot system on the right? Thank you very much.

I am trying to update my CV but my textblock need to extend to next page. As you can see in the image the textblock breaks and it doesn't change page. Im new to Latex but I also know from my research that textblock won't "detect" next page with textpos. My code: \begin{textblock}{6}(0.5, 0.2) \begin{flushleft} \hspace{13pt} \ifthenelse{\equal{\givenprofilepic}{}}{}{\begin{tikzpicture}[x=\imagescale,y=-\imagescale] \clip (600/2, 567/2) circle (567/2); \node[anchor=north west, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt] at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=\imagewidth]{\givenprofilepic}}; \end{tikzpicture}} {\Huge\color{mainblue}\givencvname} \begin{flushright} {\Large\color{black!80}\givencvjobtitle} \end{flushright} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2} \begin{tabular}{p{0.3cm} @{\hskip 0.5cm}p{5cm}} \ifthenelse{\equal{\givencvdate}{}}{}{\textsc{\Large\icon{\Info}} & \givencvdate\\} \ifthenelse{\equal{\givencvaddress}{}}{}{\textsc{\Large\icon{\Letter}} & \givencvaddress\\} \ifthenelse{\equal{\givennumberphone}{}}{}{\textsc{\Large\icon{\Telefon}} & \givennumberphone\\} \ifthenelse{\equal{\givencvsite}{}}{}{\textsc{\Large\icon{\Mundus}} & \href{\givencvsite} {\textcolor{cerulean}\givencvsite}\\} \ifthenelse{\equal{\givencvsiteone}{}}{}{\textsc{\Large\icon{\Mundus}} & \href{\givencvsiteone}{\textcolor{cerulean}\givencvsiteone}\\} \ifthenelse{\equal{\givencvmail}{}}{}{\textsc{\large\icon{@}} & \href{mailto:\givencvmail} {\givencvmail}\\ \\} \end{tabular} \profilesection{Skills}{4.6cm} \givensoftware\\ \profilesection{Software}{3.4cm}\\ \givenskill \giventextskill\\ \profilesection{Languages}{2.7cm}\\ \givenlang \noindent \scriptsize \noindent \end{flushleft} \end{textblock} Also I am thinking of extending the rectangle as you can see in the code below: \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay] \node [rectangle, fill=asidecolor, anchor=north, minimum width=9.80cm, minimum height=\paperheight] (box) at (-5cm,0.5cm){}; \end{tikzpicture} I am unable to extend the rectangle which would be a fine solution by me. Any idea?

I have just discovered externalize and want to use it in my document that contains lots of trees with shaded arrows. The arrows are shaded with some "hack" that I found on this site (unfortunately I can't seem to find the source at the moment). It works perfectly fine---albeit slow---when used in my document, but fails when externalised. I get this error ! Extra }, or forgotten \endgroup. \pgf@externalend ->\unskip \egroup \egroup {\def \pgf@external@trim {0}\def ... l.88 \end{forest} Unfortunately I am no Tex-Expert and can't seem to figure out what's going wrong. Here is a MWE: \documentclass[a4paper,12pt, twoside,dvipsnames]{article} \usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{external} \tikzexternalize[mode=list and make, prefix=ext-tikz/] \usepackage[external]{forest} \usetikzlibrary{fadings, arrows.meta} \makeatletter \newif\iftikz@shading@path \tikzset{ % There are three circumstances in which the fading sep is needed: % 1. Arrows which do not update the bounding box (which is most of them). % 2. Line caps/joins and mitres that extend outside the natural bounding % box of the path (these are not calculated by PGF). % 3. Other reasons that haven't been anticipated. fading xsep/.store in=\pgfpathfadingxsep, fading ysep/.store in=\pgfpathfadingysep, fading sep/.style={fading xsep=#1, fading ysep=#1}, fading sep=0.0cm, shading path/.code={% % Prevent this stuff happning recursively. \iftikz@shading@path% \else% \tikz@shading@pathtrue% % \tikz@addmode installs the `modes' (e.g., fill, draw, shade) % to be applied to the path. It isn't usualy for doing more % changes to the path's construction. \tikz@addmode{% \pgfgetpath\pgf@currentfadingpath% % Get the boudning box of the current path size including the fading sep \pgfextract@process\pgf@fadingpath@southwest{\pgfpointadd{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@pathminx}{\pgf@pathminy}}% {\pgfpoint{-\pgfpathfadingxsep}{-\pgfpathfadingysep}}}%% \pgfextract@process\pgf@fadingpath@northeast{\pgfpointadd{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@pathmaxx}{\pgf@pathmaxy}}% {\pgfpoint{\pgfpathfadingxsep}{\pgfpathfadingysep}}}% % Clear the path \pgfsetpath\pgfutil@empty% % Interrupt the path and picture to create a fading. \pgfinterruptpath% \pgfinterruptpicture% \begin{tikzfadingfrompicture}[name=.] \path [shade=none,fill=none, #1] \pgfextra{% % Set the softpath. Any transformations in #1 will have no effect. % This will *not* update the bounding box... \pgfsetpath\pgf@currentfadingpath% % ...so it is done manually. \pgf@fadingpath@southwest \expandafter\pgf@protocolsizes{\the\pgf@x}{\the\pgf@y}% \pgf@fadingpath@northeast% \expandafter\pgf@protocolsizes{\the\pgf@x}{\the\pgf@y}% }; % Now get the bounding of the picture. \xdef\pgf@fadingboundingbox@southwest{\noexpand\pgfqpoint{\the\pgf@picminx}{\the\pgf@picminy}}% \xdef\pgf@fadingboundingbox@northeast{\noexpand\pgfqpoint{\the\pgf@picmaxx}{\the\pgf@picmaxy}}% % \end{tikzfadingfrompicture}% \endpgfinterruptpicture% \endpgfinterruptpath% % Install a rectangle that covers the shaded/faded path picture. \pgfpathrectanglecorners{\pgf@fadingboundingbox@southwest}{\pgf@fadingboundingbox@northeast}% % Make the fading happen. \def\tikz@path@fading{.}% \tikz@mode@fade@pathtrue% \tikz@fade@adjustfalse%10pt % Shift the fading to the mid point of the rectangle \pgfpointscale{0.5}{\pgfpointadd{\pgf@fadingboundingbox@southwest}{\pgf@fadingboundingbox@northeast}}% \edef\tikz@fade@transform{shift={(\the\pgf@x,\the\pgf@y)}}% }% \fi% } } \begin{document} \begingroup \centering \begin{forest} [, phantom, for children={fit=band}, s sep'+=60pt [ 2, name=l1 ] [ 2, name=r1 ] ] \path [left color=orange, right color=MidnightBlue, shading path={draw=transparent!0, dashed, -Latex}] (l1) .. controls ++(0,-1) and ++(0,-1) .. (r1); \end{forest} \endgroup \end{document} I tried to reduce the example as much as possible, but it still remains a lot of code. The tikzset part is copied from this site, and I honestly have no idea what it does - it works though, unless forest is externalised. Edit: The issue seems to be limited to forest, this tikzpicture can be externalised without problems: \begin{tikzpicture} \path [left color=orange, right color=MidnightBlue, shading path={draw=transparent!0, dashed, -Latex}] (0,1) .. controls ++(0,-1) and ++(0,-1) .. (1,1); \end{tikzpicture}

I installed PGF but are unable to compile the following document: \documentclass[10pt]{article} \usepackage{pgf,tikz} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \draw (0,0) --(1,2); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} This is the console output: initexmf.exe: Windows API error 5: Access is denied. initexmf.exe: Data: C:\ texify.exe: The operation failed for some reason. texify.exe: Data: C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\miktex\bin\initexmf.exe What to do?

I need to draw an Hasse Diagram using LaTeX. TikZ is the solution I would like to use. I tried with a simple structure involving trees but obviously when I need to join two nodes, it is not possible. I searched a little but found no immediate solutions for Hasse Diagrams in TikZ. Which one is the fastest structure I can use? I would like also to have the tree syntax flexibility without manually specifying where nodes should be places. I just want to specify nodes and connections.